AKOqI dsm gRMQ is`KI ’qy pihlw nhIN cODvW v`fw hmlw hY
- fwktr hrijMdr isMG idlgIr
- hsdilgeer@yahoo.com
2006 ivc idAwlpurw BweIkw ivc AKOqI dsm gRMQ nUM gurU dw drjw dyx dI swizS is`K Drm dy i^lw& pihlw hmlw nhIN sI[is`K Drm ’qy qW gurU nwnk swihb dy huMidAW hI SurU ho gey sn qy is`K Drm ’qy pihlw hmlw krn vwlw sRIcMd sI ijs ny gurU nwnk swihb dy mukwbly ’qy Awpxw audwsI mq clwieAw[ pr sRIcMd nUM gurU nwnk swihb ny ausy vyly hI r`d kr id`qw sI Aqy ieh g`l gurU gRMQ swihb ivc vI ilKI hoeI hY ik auh gurU nwnk swihb dw bwZI sI Aqy aus dw idl Kotw sI:
puqRI kaulu n pwilE, kir pIrhu kMn@ murtIAY]
idil KotY AwkI iPrin@, bMin@ Bwru aucwiein@ CtIAY] {s&w 967-68}
(pr zrw vI Srm nhIN AweI gurU dy mujrmW, aus rxjIq isMG F`frIAW vwly Aqy gurbcn isMG pujwrI Akwl q^q nUM, ijnHW ny sqMbr 2010 ivc aus dy 500 swlw idn ’qy sRIcMd dI pUjw kIqI, Aqy gurU nwnk swihb Aqy gurU gRMQ swihb nUM r`d kr id`qw)[
is`K Drm ’qy dUjw hmlw ‘KwrI bIV’ iqAwr kr ky aus ivc Awlm kvI dI ilKI ‘mwDv nl qy kwm kMdlw’ vwlI ‘rwg mwlw’ Swiml kr ky gurU gRMQ swihb ivc imlwvt pwaux dI swizS kIqI geI[
is`K Drm ’qy qIjw hmlw ibDI cMd hMdwlIey ny kIqw sI ijs ny gurU nwnk swihb bwry ilKI Asl jnmswKI nUM ivgwV ky mOjUdw ‘jnmswKI BweI bwlw’ iqAwr krvw ky aus nUM Asl AwK ky prcwrnw SurU kIqw sI[ ieh ikqwb is`K qvwrI^ ivgwVn dI pihlI v`fI swizS sI[ ies mgroN imhrbwn dI ‘jnmswKI gurU nwnk’ vI iesy swizS dw iek pVwA sI Aqy srUp dws B`lw dI mihmw prkwS vI iesy lVI ivc iek v`fI swizS sI, ienHW dohW (imhrbwn Aqy srUp dws B`lw) ny is`K qvwrI^ ivc bhuq hI Zlq smgrI BrI hY[ is`K qvwrI^ ivc bhuqIAW Zlq g`lW ienHW iqMnW dIAW pweIAW hoeIAW hn[
is`K Drm ’qy cOQw hmlw sumyr isMG ny kIqw sI ijs ny ‘srb loh gMQ’ qy hor kivqwvW ilK ky gurU goibMd isMG dy nW nwl joV ky prcwrnIAW SurU kIqIAW sn[ AKOqI dsm gRMQ dI rcnw ie`QoN SurU hoeI sI[ BweI gurdws dy nW hyT ‘rwmklI dI vwr’ (AKOqI 41 vIN vwr) ilKx vwlw vI Swied iehI sI[ BweI gurdws dIAW vwrW ivc vI ies ny imlwvt kIqI jo A`j sw& nzr AwauNdI hY[
is`K Drm ’qy pMjvW hmlw kwSI (bnwrs) dy inrmilAW (bwnwrs ky T`g) qy audwsIAW (SRIcMdIAW) ny kIqw ijnHW ny, dXw isMG qy cOpw isMG dy nW hyT, nklI ‘rihqnwmy’ iqAwr krvw ky is`K Drm nUM bRwhmxI Drm bxwaux dI swizS nUM nvW moV id`qw[ ienHW ny hI rihrws ivc cOpeI (cirqropwKwXwn ivcoN) vwVI sI[ igAwnI gurbcn isMG iBMfrW iesy ‘inrmlw tkswl’ coN sn Aqy aunHW dI ilKq ‘Kwlsw jIvn’ ivcoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik auh bnwrsI inrmlw tkswl ivcoN sn[ iPr aunHW dy cVHweI krn mgroN cyilAW ny AwpxI ‘iBMfrW tkswl’ bxw leI qy 1977 ivc ies dw nW ‘dm dmI tkswl’ (Xwin fI.fI.tI.) r`K id`qw[ (ies jQy ivcoN bwbw jrnYl isMG hI sn ijnHW ny is`KI nUM ihMdU Drm dw ih`sw bxn qoN rokx ivc rol Adw kIqw[ hux hrnwm isMG DuMmw ny qW ies nUM qbwh krn ivc koeI ksr nhIN C`fI) ‘pMQ prkwS’ rwhI is`K qvwrI^ ivc mhW gpOVy Aqy is`K ivroDI sm`grI Brn vwly igAwnI igAwn isMG vI iesy inrmlw tkswl ivcoN sn[
is`K Drm ’qy CyvW hmlw bRwhmxW ny kvI sMqoK isMG nwl cwr bRwhmx joV ky ‘sUrj prkwS’ iqAwr krvwieAw Aqy ienHW bwhmxW ny ies ikqwb ivc gurU swihbwn dI byhd byAdbI kIqI qy is`K qvwrI^ nUM ivgwiVAw[ SRomxI kmytI ies ivclI is`K ivroDI sm`grI nUM CWgx vwsqy hux qk 50 l`K rupY qoN vD Krc kr cukI hY[
is`K Drm ’qy sqvW hmlw gMQI igAwnI gurmuK isMG Aqy drbwrw isMG ny 1830-40 dOrwn kIqw ijnHW ny ‘guriblws pwqswhI CyvIN’ ilK ky gurU hirgoibMd swihb dI byAdbI vI kIqI qy is`K qvwrI^ vI ivgwVI[ 1998 ivc joigMdr isMG vydwqI ny ies nUM SRomxI kmytI qoN Cpvw ky gurU swihb dI qOhIn nUM prcwirAw[
is`K Drm ’qy ATvW hmlw AMgryzW ny mwlkm rwhI kIqw; ijs ny inrmilAW koloN AKOqI dsm gRMQ iqAwr krvwieAw qy ies dw prcwr kIqw[ AMgryzW ny hI bUty Swh, Aihmd Swh btwlvI, SrDw rwm iPlOrI, ^uSvkq rwey qy horW koloN is`K qvwrI^ ilKvw ky ies nUM ivgwiVAw[
is`K Drm ’qy nOvW hmlw AMgryzW Aqy bRwhmxW ny iml ky Kym isMG bydI ny kIqw ijs ny isMG sBw lihr vyly is`KW nUM ihMdU Drm dw AMg bxwaux dI koiSS kIqI Aqy ‘hm ihMdU hYN’ vrgIAW ikqwbW ilKvweIAW Aqy ijs dy bdly kwhn isMG nwBw nUM ‘hm ihMdU nhIN’ ilKxI peI[ iesy ny hI ‘gurU bMs’ dw &rwf SurU krvwieAw Aqy bydIAW, soFIAW, B`ilAW dI pUjw krvwaux dI swizS rcI[
is`K Drm ’qy dsvW hmlw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vyly fogirAW (iDAwn, gulwb, sucyq, hIrw isMh) qy bRwhmxW (KuShwl cMd, lwl cMd, bylI rwm, gMgw rwm, AXuiDAw pRswd, rwjw dInw nwQ qy qyj rwm ijs nUM qyjw isMG rwjw bxw ky ‘dsqUir Aml’ iqAwr krvwieAw) ny lwhOr drbwr ’qy kbzw kr ky pihlW AkwlI PUlw isMG mrvwieAw qy mgroN drbwr swihb ’qy inrmly sMq isMG igAwnI Aqy Aqy hor gurduAwirAW ’qy inrmilAW Aqy audwsIAW dw kbzw krvw ky is`K AdwirAW ivc bRwhmxI mirAwdwvW SurU krvweIAW qy mgroN iesnHW nUM ‘purwqn mirAwdw’ kihx dw &rwf SurU kIqw[ 1920 ivc AkwlI lihr vyly drbwr swihb nUm Awzwd krvw ky is`KW ny kuJ kU bRwhmxI kwrvweIAW bMd krvweIAW sn pr bhuq swrIAW iPr vI jwrI sn; hux drbwr swihb ivc Aqy Akwl q^q ’qy cOk mihqw fyry dy pujwrIAW Aqy gRMQIAW dw kbzw hY qy hux au~Qy 90% mirAwdw inrmilAW qy bRwhmxW vwlI hY; hor qW hor hux qW au~Qy ‘swkq mq dI ikqwb AKOqI dsm gRMQ’ ivcoN kivqwvW vI Sbd kih ky roz pVHIAW jWdIAW hn; ivcwry rwgIAW nUM nOkrI coN k`Fx dw frwvw dy ky aunHW koloN gvweIAW jWdIAW hn[ hux drbwr swihb ivc inrol gurmiq ’qy pihrw dyx vwly iksy gurb^S isMG gulSn jW jgqwr isMG jwck jW iksy vI s`cy is`K nUM syvw dw mOkw nhIN iml skdw[
is`K Drm ’qy XwrHvW hmlw AMgryzW ny bwbw rwm isMG dy Brw nUM vrq ky kUikAW nUM ‘nwmDwrI’ vjoN KVHw kr ky gurU gRMQ swihb dy mukwbly ivc XwrHvW, bwrvW…pMdrvW gurU KVHw krn dI swizS nwl kIqw qW jo is`K gurU gRMQ swihb qoN tu`t jwx; BwvyN is`KW ny ies nUM burI qrHW r`d kr id`qw pr iPr vI rwStrIAW soiem syvk sMG (sMG) Aqy srkwry-drbwry ies ‘sMG’ dy sY~l ny ies nUM izMdw r`iKAw hoieAw hY[
is`K Drm ’qy bwrHvW hmlw inrmlw tkswl dy BweI vIr isMG DVy ny gurU goibMd isMG swihb dy nW ’qy jwAlI AKOqI qIrQ ‘hymkuMt’ bxw ky kIqw qW jo is`KW nUM gurbwxI qoN qoV ky nklI qp`isAw vl qoirAw jw sky[ mgroN 1980 dy Awly duAwly iek hor Prwf gurU nwnk swihb dy nW ’qy mnIkrx ivc mMdr bxw ky (auh gurduAwrw nhIN hY) vI SurU kIqw igAw[
is`K Drm ’qy qyrHvW hmlw rwStrIAw soiem syvk sMG (Awr.AYs.AYs.) dI AxAYlwxI srprsqI hyT ny rwDwsuAwmI, inrMkwrI, klyrWvwlIey, ivrsw isMGIey, srswvwly, nUrmihlIey (AwSUqoSIey), BinAwrIey Aqy hor drjnW v`fy, sYNkVy drimAwny Aqy hzwrW Coty fyry kwiem krnw hY[ ienHW fyirAW ny is`KW ivc gurUfMm kwiem krn ivc v`fw rol Adw kIqw[
hux 2006 ivc iBMfrW mihqw jQw Aqy rwStr is`K sMgq qy aus dy is`Dy Aqy Ais`Dy Asr hyT clx vwly toilAW ny dsm gRMQ (cirqopwKXwn vwlI rcnw nUM ‘dsm gRMQ’ nhIN ‘dsm gMd’ AwKxw cwhIdw hY) nUM gurU bxwaux dw AYlwx kIqw[ ieh cOk mihqw fyrw (iBMfrW jQw) pihlW hI AwpxI AKOqI rihrws ivc rwm kQw, ikRSn kQw, dyvI aupmw, mhwkwl, iSv qy hor keI kuJ is`K ivroDI rlw pw ky is`KI ivc ihMdU imQhws vwV cukw sI:
rwm kQw jug jug Atl sB koeI BwKq nyq]
surg bws rGubr krw sgrI purI smyq]1] (rwm Avqwr, bMd 858-59),
ipRQm DroN Bgvq ko Dxwnw] bhuq kroN kibqw ibiD nwnw]
ikRsn jQw miq cirqR aucwro] cUk hoie kib lyhu suDwro]8] (ikRSn Avqwr, bMd 440),
ikRpw krI hm pr jg mwqw] gRMQ krw pUrn suB rwqw] (cirqopwKXwn, cirqr 404)
so is`KW dy i^lw& bRwhmxI swizSW 2006 ivc jW ivrsw isMG v`loN, jW rwStr is`K sMgq v`loN ipCly kuJ swl ivc SurU nhIN hoeIAW ieh qW ipCl 500 swl qoN cl rhIAW hn[ mYN ie`Qy isr& 14 v`fy hmilAW dw izkr kIqw hY, Coty hmly qW sYNkiVAW dI igxqI ivc n; Aqy Swied kuJ v`fy hmly mYN ilKxy Bu`l vI igAw hovWgw; auh ivdvwn s`jx cyqy krvwauxgy Aqy AglI vwr Cwpx smyN Swiml kr idAWgw[
Sukr hY ik gurU nwnk swihb dI gurmiq tkswl vwly, inAwrI qy inrol is`KI vwly, kuJ lok jwn qlI ’qy r`K ky in`qry hn Aqy AOrMgzybI soc vwly pgVIDwrI bRwhmxW dIAW swizSW nUM bynkwb kIqw hY qy is`KI nUM bxwaux vl kdm cu`ky hn[ pr jdoN dw hrnwm isMG DuMmw cOk mihqw fyry ’qy kwbz hoieAw hY aus ny is`KI nUM do ih`isAW (brwhmxI is`KI Aqy inrol q`q gurmiq) ivc vMfx ivc koeI ksr nhIN C`fI[ Akwl q^q dw pujwrI A`j aus dI kTpuqlI hY Aqy aus rwhIN DuMmw tolw is`KI nUM ^qm krn dI AOrMgzybI soc ’qy cl irhw hY[ A`j fyrdwr qy swD mw&IAw inAwrI is`KI dI g`l krn vwilAW ’qy ijsmwnI hmly vI krvw irhw hY Aqy aunHW dy i^lw& (^ws kr ky joigMdr isMG spoksmYn, fw: hrijMdr isMG idlgIr Aqy pRo drSn isMG dy i^lw&) JUTw swzSI prcwr vI kr/krvw irhw hY[ pr Aw&rIn hn auh gurU dy Syr jo ies zulm dy bwvjUd pMQ dI byVI nUM fu`bx qoN bcwaux vwsqy jUJ rhy hn[
